Tribological Performance of Different Concentrations of Al2O3 Nanofluids on Minimum Quantity Lubrication Milling

Abstract Nanofluid minimum quantity lubrication (NMQL) is a green processing technology. Cottonseed oil suitable as base because of excellent performance, low freezing temperature, and high yield. Al 2 O 3 nanoparticles improve not only the heat transfer capacity but also performance. The physical chemical properties nanofluid change when are added. However, effects concentration on performance remain unknown. Furthermore, mechanisms interaction between cottonseed unclear. In this research, prepared by adding different mass concentrations (0, 0.2%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2% wt) to during (MQL) milling 45 steel. tribological with at tool/workpiece interface studied through macro-evaluation parameters (milling force, specific energy) micro-evaluation (surface roughness, micro morphology, contact angle). result show that energy (114 J/mm ), roughness value lowest (1.63 μm) 0.5 wt%. surfaces chip workpiece smoothest, angle lowest, indicating best under This research investigates intercoupling oil, acquires optimal receive satisfactory properties.